{"id":2196,"date":"2023-06-08T10:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-06-08T13:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wgbengenharia.com\/?p=2196"},"modified":"2025-10-07T11:28:43","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T14:28:43","slug":"tipos-de-projeto-spda-conheca-todos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wgbengenharia.com\/en\/tipos-de-projeto-spda-conheca-todos\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of lightning protection system (LPS) projects: learn about them all."},"content":{"rendered":"

Brazil is among the countries with the most lightning strikes in the world. According to research, approximately 70 million lightning strikes occur annually, affecting about 300 Brazilians. Therefore, there is a need for the implementation of... SPDA projects<\/a><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Also known by the popular name of lightning rods, Lightning Protection Systems are primarily responsible for preventing accidents and controlling the electrical charge produced by these natural elements. Learn about some types of this system and how it works in this article.<\/span><\/p>\n

So, what exactly is a lightning protection system (LPS) project?<\/span><\/h2>\n

SPDA means <\/span>Lightning Protection System<\/span><\/i>, This design showcases a set of structures and solutions whose main function is to protect people and buildings of various types. Through the project, lightning strikes are captured and dissipated, directing them to the ground.<\/span><\/p>\n

The project, as a whole, consists of a series of CAD drawings, as well as stamps, technical notes, \u201c<\/span>Technical Responsibility Annotation\u201d<\/span><\/i>, Additional data and details. Lightning rods, in particular, are part of the system and consist of structures of conductive cables, rods, and the grounding process.<\/span><\/p>\n

Project relevance<\/span><\/h3>\n

Without a doubt, a lightning protection system (LPS) project is extremely important for everyone's safety. However, even if they are somewhat effective, it's worth noting that lightning cannot be entirely controlled, given that it is a well-known natural phenomenon.<\/span><\/p>\n

This type of project aims to prevent greater damage to structures or human beings by creating containment areas. To carry it out, measures such as isolating exposed conductive parts and using physical formulas are implemented.<\/span><\/p>\n

Even with numerous attempts and the utmost professional experience, accidents cannot be completely avoided. However, by using a lightning protection system (LPS) to protect the site, the chances of lightning strikes are reduced, as are the traces they leave behind.<\/span><\/p>\n

What are the models for this type of project?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Given that research focused on safety has grown over time, various methods have been developed to mitigate the damage caused by lightning. Learn about them below.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Franklin Method<\/span><\/h3>\n

The Franklin Method consists of implementing a metal rod with lightning rods, connected to two additional conductors grounded together in a down conductor system. This system was created around 1753 by Benjamin Franklin, a well-known scholar who named the method the "lightning rod system".<\/span><\/p>\n

This carefully designed structure is placed on top of a building, where the protective volume will consist of a cone-shaped area extending from the top to the base of the building. Ideally, this method should be used in buildings with little horizontal area, with a maximum height of 45 meters or 15 stories.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Faraday Cage Method<\/span><\/h3>\n

The Faraday cage method, in turn, uses the internal electric field of a cage, which is zero, to generate greater protection for the building and, consequently, for the people. Thus, the interior of the structure remains protected while there is an electrified field on its surface.<\/span><\/p>\n

In general terms, the structure is organized using collectors that form horizontal conductors, gathered in a metal mesh. This same mesh is connected to the ground at a convenient distance, and shortly afterwards installed on top of the building, in a shape similar to a cage.<\/span><\/p>\n

This method is best suited for low-rise buildings, such as those owned by companies with warehouses.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Electrogeometric or rolling sphere method<\/span><\/h3>\n

The electrogeometric method, also known as the rolling sphere method, can also be called the "dummy sphere" method. This model allows for the creation of a dummy sphere that rolls through the structure, preventing lightning strikes and the resulting damage.<\/span><\/p>\n

In areas where the wheel can touch the building, there is a greater chance of an electrical discharge. This makes it necessary to protect it with lightning rods, which generally follow the Franklin model. The larger the sphere, the greater the amount of protection afforded to the location.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This method is recommended for extremely tall buildings with high architectural complexity.<\/span><\/p>\n

How is a lightning protection system (LPS) project developed?<\/span><\/h2>\n

A lightning protection system (LPS) project goes through a whole process to be developed. First of all, professionals need to thoroughly analyze the location that will require protection. They will also need to take into account the conditions surrounding the structure, such as its height.<\/span><\/p>\n

From this point on, the entire project and its management must take into account NBR 5419, which addresses the following points:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. risk management;<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. choice of method;<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. delimitation of protective resources;<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. choice of grounding conductor;<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Defining the need for descents;<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. Surge protection measures design;<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. indication of potential equalizations;<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. Calculation of appropriate safety distances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In addition to implementing all these specifications, it is important to have an inspection and maintenance of the entire lightning protection system, as well as to ensure the safety of the professionals involved in its execution.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Specialization is the solution.<\/span><\/h2>\n

    Although there is no way to completely eliminate lightning strikes, those involved in a lightning protection system (LPS) need to know how to handle the complexity of each project. This will facilitate daily work and generate better results at the end of all projects.<\/span><\/p>\n

    When a project is being developed, it's important to keep in mind that all decisions will be extremely important for the durability of the installation's lifecycle. Through proper analysis, the project will not only be efficient but will also have its costs reduced.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Investing in lightning protection systems is the necessary solution to reduce accident rates and losses caused by lightning strikes, which constantly occur in Brazil.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dentre os pa\u00edses onde mais caem raios no mundo, o Brasil se encaixa nesse ranking. De acordo com pesquisas, anualmente, cerca de 70 milh\u00f5es de casos envolvendo esse fen\u00f4meno ocorrem, o que acaba englobando cerca de 300 brasileiros que s\u00e3o atingidos. Por isso, h\u00e1 a necessidade da implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos SPDA. Tamb\u00e9m conhecidos pelo nome popular de para-raios, os Sistemas de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Contra Descargas Atmosf\u00e9ricas s\u00e3o os principais respons\u00e1veis por evitar acidentes e conseguir controlar a carga el\u00e9trica produzida por esses elementos naturais. Conhe\u00e7a, neste artigo, alguns tipos desse projeto e como ele funciona. Afinal, o que \u00e9 um projeto SPDA? SPDA significa Sistema de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra Descargas Atmosf\u00e9ricas, mostrando-se um conjunto de estruturas e solu\u00e7\u00f5es com a principal fun\u00e7\u00e3o de realizar a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de pessoas e constru\u00e7\u00f5es dos mais variados tipos. Por meio do projeto, h\u00e1 uma capta\u00e7\u00e3o e dissipa\u00e7\u00e3o das descargas, levando-as para a terra. O projeto, como um todo, \u00e9 composto por uma s\u00e9rie de plantas em CAD, al\u00e9m de selos, notas t\u00e9cnicas, \u201cAnota\u00e7\u00e3o de Responsabilidade T\u00e9cnica\u201d, dados adicionais e detalhamentos. Os p\u00e1ra-raios, inclusive, fazem parte do sistema e consistem em estruturas de cabos condutores, hastes e pelo processo de aterramento. Relev\u00e2ncia do projeto Sem d\u00favida alguma, um projeto SPDA \u00e9 de extrema import\u00e2ncia para a seguran\u00e7a de todos. No entanto, mesmo que apresentem certa efic\u00e1cia, \u00e9 v\u00e1lido dizer que os raios n\u00e3o podem ser, como um todo, controlados, tendo em vista que fazem parte de um fen\u00f4meno natural de grande notoriedade. Esse tipo de projeto visa evitar que danos maiores sejam causados \u00e0s estruturas ou aos seres humanos, criando certas \u00e1reas de conten\u00e7\u00e3o. Para que possa ser levado adiante, medidas de isolamento de partes condutoras expostas e utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3rmulas f\u00edsicas s\u00e3o colocadas em pr\u00e1tica. Ainda assim, mesmo diante de tantas tentativas, e com a maior experi\u00eancia poss\u00edvel de um profissional, os acidentes n\u00e3o podem ser 100% evitados. No entanto, ao utilizar um projeto SPDA para proteger o local, as chances de ocorr\u00eancia de raios se tornam menores, assim como os rastros deixados por eles. Quais s\u00e3o os modelos desse tipo de projeto? Tendo em vista que as pesquisas voltadas para a seguran\u00e7a cresceram com o passar do tempo, diversos m\u00e9todos foram desenvolvidos para conter os danos causados pelos raios. Conhe\u00e7a, abaixo, quais s\u00e3o eles. 1. M\u00e9todo Franklin O M\u00e9todo Franklin consiste em implementar uma haste met\u00e1lica que possui captores, conectada a mais dois condutores ligados \u00e0 terra unidos em um sistema de descida. Esse sistema foi criado por volta de 1753, por Benjamin Franklin, um estudioso muito conhecido e que denominou o m\u00e9todo como \u201csistema de para-raio\u201d. Essa estrutura cuidadosamente elaborada \u00e9 disposta no topo de uma edifica\u00e7\u00e3o, onde o volume de prote\u00e7\u00e3o ser\u00e1 constitu\u00eddo por uma \u00e1rea em forma de cone, ligando-se do topo at\u00e9 a base da constru\u00e7\u00e3o. O ideal \u00e9 que o m\u00e9todo seja utilizado em edifica\u00e7\u00f5es com pouca \u00e1rea horizontal, com, no m\u00e1ximo, 45 metros ou 15 andares. 2. M\u00e9todo Gaiola de Faraday O m\u00e9todo Gaiola de Faraday, por sua vez, utiliza o campo el\u00e9trico interior de uma gaiola, que \u00e9 nulo, para gerar uma maior prote\u00e7\u00e3o para a edifica\u00e7\u00e3o e, consequentemente, para as pessoas. Sendo assim, a parte interna da estrutura se mant\u00e9m protegida enquanto h\u00e1 um campo eletrizado em sua superf\u00edcie. Em linhas gerais, a estrutura \u00e9 organizada utilizando captadores que formam condutores horizontais, reunidos em uma malha de metal. Essa mesma malha \u00e9 conectada a terra em uma dist\u00e2ncia que seja conveniente, pouco depois sendo instalada no topo da edifica\u00e7\u00e3o, com um formato parecido com o de uma gaiola. Este m\u00e9todo \u00e9 mais recomendado para constru\u00e7\u00f5es baixas, como \u00e9 o caso de empresas que possuem galp\u00f5es. 3. M\u00e9todo eletrogeom\u00e9trico ou esfera rolante O m\u00e9todo eletrogeom\u00e9trico ou esfera rolante tamb\u00e9m pode ser conhecido pelo termo \u201cesfera fict\u00edcia\u201d. Por meio desse modelo, h\u00e1 a possibilidade de fazer com que uma esfera fict\u00edcia role pela constru\u00e7\u00e3o, evitando a incid\u00eancia de raios, al\u00e9m dos danos que eles poderiam causar. Nos locais onde a roda consegue tocar na edifica\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1 uma maior chance de cair uma descarga el\u00e9trica. Isso faz com que haja a necessidade de proteg\u00ea-la com para-raios, que, geralmente, seguem o modelo Franklin. Quanto maior for a esfera, maior ser\u00e1 a quantidade de prote\u00e7\u00e3o atribu\u00edda ao local.\u00a0 O m\u00e9todo \u00e9 recomendado para edifica\u00e7\u00f5es extremamente altas e com alta complexidade arquitet\u00f4nica. Como um projeto SPDA \u00e9 desenvolvido? Um projeto SPDA passa por todo um processo para que seja desenvolvido. Antes de mais nada, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que os profissionais analisem de maneira profunda o local que precisar\u00e1 de prote\u00e7\u00e3o. Eles tamb\u00e9m precisar\u00e3o levar em conta quais as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de envolvimento da estrutura, como a sua altura. A partir disso, todo o projeto e o gerenciamento dever\u00e3o levar em considera\u00e7\u00e3o a NBR 5419, que leva aborda os seguintes pontos: gest\u00e3o de riscos; escolha do m\u00e9todo; delimita\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos protetivos; escolha do condutor de aterramento; delimita\u00e7\u00e3o da necessidade das descidas; projeta\u00e7\u00e3o das MPS-Medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra surtos; indica\u00e7\u00e3o das equaliza\u00e7\u00f5es de potenciais; c\u00e1lculo das dist\u00e2ncias adequadas de seguran\u00e7a. Al\u00e9m de colocar em pr\u00e1tica todas essas especifica\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e9 importante que haja uma inspe\u00e7\u00e3o e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o de todo o SPDA, assim como da seguran\u00e7a que envolve os profissionais que est\u00e3o envolvidos em sua execu\u00e7\u00e3o. Especializar-se \u00e9 a solu\u00e7\u00e3o Ainda que n\u00e3o haja uma forma de eliminar 100% a incid\u00eancia de raios, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que os envolvidos em um SPDA saibam lidar com o tipo de complexidade de cada projeto, o que facilitar\u00e1 o trabalho no dia a dia, al\u00e9m de gerar melhores resultados ao final de todas as execu\u00e7\u00f5es. Quando um projeto \u00e9 elaborado, \u00e9 importante que se tenha em mente que todas as decis\u00f5es ser\u00e3o extremamente importantes para que haja uma durabilidade no ciclo de vida da instala\u00e7\u00e3o. Por meio de uma an\u00e1lise correta, o projeto n\u00e3o apenas ser\u00e1 eficiente, como tamb\u00e9m ter\u00e1 seus custos reduzidos. Investir em SPDA \u00e9 a solu\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria para reduzir os \u00edndices de acidentes e, tamb\u00e9m, de perdas por causa dos raios que, constantemente, caem no Brasil.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2197,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-projetos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWGB Architecture & Engineering | High-End Projects in Brazil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Solid expertise with over 750,000m\u00b2 of excellence designed in Santa Catarina. 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