{"id":2535,"date":"2023-07-01T11:00:32","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T14:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wgbengenharia.com\/?p=2535"},"modified":"2023-07-01T11:00:32","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T14:00:32","slug":"laudo-de-estratificacao-do-solo-o-que-e-e-para-que-serve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wgbengenharia.com\/en\/laudo-de-estratificacao-do-solo-o-que-e-e-para-que-serve\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil stratification report: what is it and what is it for?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Detailed knowledge of soil characteristics is extremely important for the implementation of various engineering projects and ventures. Through stratification, it will be possible to understand the behavior of the subsoil and make safer and more efficient decisions for that type of location.<\/span><\/p>\n

This article will provide a better understanding of the purpose of exploring the relevance of soil stratification reports within the context of... engineering<\/a> Geotechnical engineering. Furthermore, it will be easier to understand what its objectives are and how this procedure is carried out to achieve success.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is soil stratification?<\/span><\/h2>\n

The process of soil stratification for grounding is a common practice in electrical engineering. The main objective is to create a grounding system that is both efficient and safe. Grounding itself is necessary to protect people and equipment from potential electrical discharges.<\/span><\/p>\n

This process involves constructing a series of conductive and insulating materials in the ground area. Through this step-by-step process, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the grounding system, as well as design the layers to direct electrical currents in a completely effective way.<\/span><\/p>\n

What is the purpose of this procedure?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Among the main objectives of soil stratification are:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Reduction of soil resistance<\/b>Through a proper stratification procedure, it is possible to reduce soil resistance. This will cause an even greater amount of electrical current to be dissipated. This type of action is important to prevent the accumulation of static electricity, ensuring a proper path for currents to ground in case of a fault in the electrical system.;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
    • Improvement in the distribution of electrical current.<\/b>It is through soil stratification that there is a correct and uniform distribution of the electric current flowing towards the ground, preventing concentrations in specific points. This type of process is important in areas with a high density of electrical infrastructure, where dozens of current sources may be connected to the same system;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      • Minimizing the impact of eddy currents<\/b>If the procedure is performed correctly, it will also help reduce the effect of eddy currents, which are unwanted currents that can arise from the interaction of different electrical systems close to each other.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Stratification process<\/span><\/h3>\n

        For soil stratification for grounding to be carried out, it is necessary to use conductive materials in the process, such as grounding rods, aluminum or copper cables, and also insulating materials, such as clay granules, bentonite or sand.<\/span><\/p>\n

        All materials used are arranged in alternating layers on the ground itself, based on the specific project and the characteristics of the construction site. It's also worth mentioning that the layering must be done by qualified professionals, as applicable standards and regulations must be followed.<\/span><\/p>\n

        How to check the soil?<\/span><\/h2>\n

        The methodology for testing soil resistance must be carried out according to NBR 7117-1, which will show the necessary methods for an efficient geoelectric sounding. Furthermore, it will also define the techniques for determining the model that corresponds to horizontal layers, as well as parallel and planar layers.<\/span><\/p>\n

        Therefore, soil testing can be performed in the following environments:<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Wind farms;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Hydroelectric Power Plants;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Industrial Plants;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Photovoltaic parks;<\/span><\/li>\n
        • Substations with an area greater than 20,000 m\u00b2<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Based on its application, the values that indicate the soil resistivity can be grouped as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • Low resistivity;<\/span><\/li>\n
          • Average resistivity;<\/span><\/li>\n
          • High resistivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            In electrical engineering, the first layer is defined as a superficial, dry layer, or one with a lower water content, containing organic matter, and exhibiting average resistivity. Following this, the second layer consists of saturated soil, below the water table, composed of fractured rocks.<\/span><\/p>\n

            Finally, in the last layer, there is the bedrock, composed of layers of compacted sediments or crystalline rocks, with a resistivity ranging from medium to high.<\/span><\/p>\n

            What are vertical electrical soundings used for?<\/span><\/h2>\n

            Vertical electrical soundings are seen as a geophysical method used to investigate subsurface characteristics in order to obtain information about soil stratification, including its electrical resistivity, as explained in the previous topic.<\/span><\/p>\n

            This information is indispensable and valuable, as it ensures greater project effectiveness and improves the efficiency of the lightning protection system. Its main purpose is to provide data on the electrical resistivity of the soil at various depths within the same terrain.<\/span><\/p>\n

            It is through this data that the best location and configuration for grounding electrodes can be found. These electrodes will need to be positioned in soil layers with low electrical resistivity, aiming for adequate and efficient dissipation of electrical current towards the ground, reducing risks to the environment.<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            In general, the main objective of a soil assessment report is to reinforce environmental safety, as well as to provide better quality for ongoing projects, reducing the chances of failure.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            O conhecimento detalhado das caracter\u00edsticas do solo \u00e9 extremamente importante para que diversos projetos e empreendimentos da \u00e1rea de engenharia possam ser colocados em pr\u00e1tica. Por meio da estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o, ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel compreender o comportamento do subsolo e tomar decis\u00f5es mais seguras e eficientes para aquele tipo de local. Neste artigo, ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel compreender melhor qual \u00e9 o objetivo da explora\u00e7\u00e3o da relev\u00e2ncia do laudo de estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo dentro do contexto da engenharia geot\u00e9cnica. Al\u00e9m disso, ficar\u00e1 mais simples entender quais s\u00e3o os seus objetivos e como esse procedimento \u00e9 realizado para obter \u00eaxito. O que \u00e9 estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo? O processo de estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo para aterramento \u00e9 um processo comumente visto na engenharia el\u00e9trica. O principal objetivo \u00e9 criar um sistema de aterramento que seja inteiramente eficiente e, tamb\u00e9m, seguro. O aterramento, em si, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para garantir a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de pessoas e equipamentos contra poss\u00edveis descargas el\u00e9tricas. Esse processo envolve a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma s\u00e9rie de materiais condutores e de isolantes na regi\u00e3o do solo. Por meio desse passo a passo, h\u00e1 como melhorar a efici\u00eancia do aterramento, al\u00e9m de projetar as camadas para direcionar as correntes el\u00e9tricas de forma totalmente eficaz. Para que serve esse procedimento? Dentre os principais objetivos da estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo est\u00e3o: Redu\u00e7\u00e3o da resist\u00eancia do solo: por meio de um bom procedimento de estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel fazer com que a resist\u00eancia do solo seja diminu\u00edda. Isso far\u00e1 com que uma quantidade ainda maior de corrente el\u00e9trica acabe sendo dissipada. Esse tipo de a\u00e7\u00e3o se mostra importante para que o ac\u00famulo de eletricidade est\u00e1tica seja evitado, o que garante um caminho adequado das correntes para terra caso haja alguma falha no sistema el\u00e9trico; Melhora na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o da corrente el\u00e9trica: \u00e9 por meio da estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo que h\u00e1 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o correta e uniforme da corrente el\u00e9trica que flui em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao solo, fazendo com que concentra\u00e7\u00f5es em pontos espec\u00edficos sejam evitadas. Esse tipo de processo \u00e9 importante em \u00e1reas onde h\u00e1 uma grande densidade de infraestruturas el\u00e9tricas, onde dezenas de fontes de correntes podem ser conectadas a um mesmo sistema; Minimiza\u00e7\u00e3o do impacto de correntes parasitas: se o procedimento for realizado da maneira correta, ele tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 o respons\u00e1vel por auxiliar na redu\u00e7\u00e3o do efeito de correntes parasitas, que s\u00e3o aquelas n\u00e3o desejadas e que podem surgir gra\u00e7as \u00e0 intera\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes sistemas el\u00e9tricos pr\u00f3ximos um do outro. Processo de estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o Para que a estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo para aterramento seja realizada, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que materiais condutores sejam utilizados no processo, como s\u00e3o os casos das hastes de aterramento, cabos de alum\u00ednio ou cobre e, tamb\u00e9m, materiais isolantes, como os gr\u00e2nulos de argila, bentonita ou areia. Todos os materiais utilizados s\u00e3o dispostos em camadas que se alternam no pr\u00f3prio solo, tomando como base o projeto espec\u00edfico e as caracter\u00edsticas do local de constru\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00c9 v\u00e1lido dizer, tamb\u00e9m, que a estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o precisa ser feita por profissionais com qualifica\u00e7\u00e3o para tal, tendo em vista que \u00e9 preciso seguir as normas e regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es aplic\u00e1veis. Como verificar o solo? A metodologia do ensaio voltado para testar a resist\u00eancia do solo precisa ser executada por meio da NBR 7117-1, que mostrar\u00e1 os m\u00e9todos necess\u00e1rios para uma sondagem geoel\u00e9trica eficiente. Al\u00e9m disso, ela tamb\u00e9m definir\u00e1 as t\u00e9cnicas para determina\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo que corresponde \u00e0s camadas horizontais, bem como das paralelas e das planas. Sendo assim, a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo poder\u00e1 ser feita nos seguintes ambientes: Parques e\u00f3licos; Complexos Hidrel\u00e9tricos; Plantas Industriais; Parques fotovoltaicos; Subesta\u00e7\u00f5es com \u00e1rea maior que 20.000m\u00b2 A partir de sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o, os valores que indicar\u00e3o a resistividade do solo poder\u00e3o ser agrupados da seguinte maneira: Baixa resistividade; M\u00e9dia resistividade; Alta resistividade. Na engenharia el\u00e9trica, a primeira camada \u00e9 definida como algo superficial e seca ou com uma menor quantidade de \u00e1gua, possuindo mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica, com uma resistividade m\u00e9dia. Em seguida, na segunda camada, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel observar um solo saturado, com um n\u00edvel abaixo do fre\u00e1tico, constitu\u00eddo por rochas fraturas. Por fim, na \u00faltima camada, encontra-se o embasamento rochoso, com composi\u00e7\u00e3o por camadas de sedimentos que foram compactados ou, tamb\u00e9m, de rochas cristalinas, possuindo uma resistividade entre m\u00e9dia e elevada. Para que servem as sondagens el\u00e9tricas verticais? As sondagens el\u00e9tricas verticais s\u00e3o vistas como um m\u00e9todo geof\u00edsico utilizado para a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de caracter\u00edsticas do subsolo com a finalidade de obter informa\u00e7\u00f5es acerca da estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo, o que inclui a sua resistividade el\u00e9trica, como foi explicado no t\u00f3pico anterior. Essas informa\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o indispens\u00e1veis e valiosas, pois garantem uma maior efic\u00e1cia dos projetos, al\u00e9m de melhorar a efici\u00eancia do sistema de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra as descargas el\u00e9tricas. Sua principal finalidade est\u00e1 no fornecimento de dados sobre a resistividade el\u00e9trica do solo nas mais variadas profundidades de um mesmo terreno. \u00c9 por meio desses dados que se pode encontrar a melhor localiza\u00e7\u00e3o e configura\u00e7\u00e3o para os eletrodos de aterramento. Esses eletrodos precisar\u00e3o ser posicionados nas camadas de solo com uma baixa resistividade el\u00e9trica, visando uma dissipa\u00e7\u00e3o adequada e eficiente da corrente el\u00e9trica em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao solo, diminuindo os riscos para o ambiente.   De forma geral, o laudo do solo tem como principal objetivo refor\u00e7ar a seguran\u00e7a do ambiente, al\u00e9m de proporcionar uma melhor qualidade para os projetos em andamento, reduzindo as chances de falha.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_wgb_auto_generated":"","_wgb_pair_post_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laudos"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLaudo de estratifica\u00e7\u00e3o do solo: o que \u00e9 e 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